Everyone has probably heard that a woman earns 76 cents for every dollar a man earns.  I have always thought that this statistic probably was not telling the whole story and was not justification for some supposedly corrective legislation.   It reminds me of the saying, “A statistician is someone who drowns in a river that averages 3 feet deep”.  So, what is the whole story?  Are we drowning in misleading averages that tell us little about the actual conditions of the river?
            Dr. Walter Block, an economics professor at Loyola University New Orleans, believes that the wage gap is the result of the “asymmetrical effects of marriage.”  He explains:
            
              “This institution [of marriage] enhances male earnings and reduces those of females. Why? Because wives do the lion’s share of cooking, cleaning, shopping, child care. This is an example of the basic economic axiom of opportunity, or alternative costs. When anyone does anything, he is to that extent unable to do something else. Since I was in Baltimore, I illustrated this by use of Michael Phelps, world champion swimmer. I opined that he probably wasn’t a world-class cellist, because to achieve that goal in addition to having a lot of talent, you have to spend many hours each day practicing, and he was busy with other (watery) pursuits. Well, women are also busy with activities other than supplying labor to the market, hence their lower productivity [in the market], compared to what it would be if they were never married.”
            
            From what I can ascertain from Dr. Blocks writings, he is not suggested that women are less productive while at work, but instead they are less productive over the total of their careers or working life. This lower productivity takes the form of maternity leaves, extra sick days, working part time, or completely stepping out of their careers for a time to raise a family. It is this overall lower productivity that he sees as the true cause of the wage gap; not systematic discrimination.
            He backs up his claim by providing statistics that show if you compare never married women with men, the wage gap almost completely disappears.  I have not look into any of his detailed data, so I can not speak of the validity of that data, but he is not the only one who has come to these conclusions, and I do have anecdotal evidence from my own experience that supports his claims.
            I specifically chose a career that would allow me to have a flexible work schedule because I knew that I would eventually want to start a family.  I also considered salary but only for jobs with flexible schedules.  It was one of the most important factors in my decision making process.  I now work only part time so that I can stay home with daughter.  You would have to ask my co-workers to know for sure, but I feel that I am just as productive while at work as I was before having a child (okay maybe not during the first couple months because of sleep deprivation).  But, the fact is that there may be several opportunities that I will miss out on because I am not full-time.  I could miss out on promotions that would require full-time work, I could miss out on a chance to be involved in a project that could help me meet our career ladder criteria, or I could miss out on many other opportunities that I could never foresee.   I have purposely chosen to be more productive in the home than in the marketplace.  Taken all together this makes my earning potential much lower than my husbands, despite the fact we both have similar degrees and have been in the workforce for a similar amount of time.
            If Dr. Block is right, than this is good news for women.  It would mean that we are not being held back by discrimination, but instead by our own voluntary choices.  If we want to earn closer to what men do, than we can behave more like men and use our productivity in the marketplace and not at home; the choice is ours, and that after all was our fore mothers’ goal, right?
            All this is not to deny the existence of discrimination towards women in the workplace.  It just points out that discrimination is most likely the exception and not the rule and that systematic, widespread discrimination is most likely not the cause of the male-female wage disparity.
            Note: Dr. Block recently gave a talk at Loyola University Maryland about this topic.  It has cause quite an uproar.  The University has apologized for his “insensitive remarks”.  People have twisted his words to make him sound like a sexist and racist, but no one has challenge his data or his assertions with anything of their own.  He has even offered to debate and no one has taken him up on his offer.  I think this is political correctness at its worse.  Even if you disagree with his ideas, they are important and need to be discuss.  So much for academic freedom.